Tuesday, January 31, 2012

After endorsing Gingrich, Cain says Romney OK, too (AP)

WASHINGTON ? Fresh off campaigning for Newt Gingrich in Florida, former candidate Herman Cain says he also would be comfortable supporting Mitt Romney if he's the one who wins the Republican presidential nomination.

Cain made his remarks as Floridians were heading to the polls Tuesday for their GOP primary.

Cain told NBC's "Today" show that he endorsed Gingrich and campaigned with him Monday because he found Gingrich's tax plan similar to his own proposal, dubbed his "9-9-9" plan.

Cain said he would be "very comfortable" with Romney, too, but that both candidates carry negatives that would be attacked by President Barack Obama's re-election campaign.

Cain dropped out of the race in early December. He said he wouldn't run again, joking that his "biological clock is ticking."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/gop/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120131/ap_on_el_ge/us_cain

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Janice Harper: I Hate Homework: A Mother's Confession

When it came time for my daughter to start Kindergarten, it suddenly hit me. I would have to get her to school each morning. On time. For 13 years. The thought had never occurred to me, and had it crossed my mind six years prior, she would probably not exist.

"Don't worry, you'll get used to it after the first year," a friend assured me. A year? I couldn't imagine. But somehow, she was right; by the time first grade rolled around I was a pro at manipulating all that six-year-old energy into a focused direction -- clothes on, healthy breakfast efficiently consumed, hair unsnarled, combed and tied into a perky ponytail, shoes velcroed (thank God for that technological innovation), and my own frazzled flesh washed, painted, dressed and ready to go.

At first, the school years were adorable. The cute little drawings she'd bring home ("It's the Mona Lisa, with eyebrows"), the clever observations ("I think the principal needs to be expelled"), the major achievements ("We cut open dead people at school today to find out why they died"). But when she had her first year-end project due, I realized things were going to get rough. She was supposed to turn in a collection of a hundred objects, collected over the school year. We'd been meaning to get around to it for months, when one day, she came home with a notice that it was due the following morning. I had something to do that evening or some guy to see and left her with a babysitter, like they do on TV. I grabbed a big jar of shells she'd collected on the beach and told the sitter to count out a hundred and put them in a baggy. She did, and my daughter dutifully carried her baggy of shells to school.

The following week there was a big event for all the parents. I went, proud of my cute and clever little girl and all that she'd learned and done over the school year. But when we got there, I was horrified to see the halls lined with amazing displays -- the Battle of Gettysburg recreated with a hundred plastic soldiers; the food pyramid recreated with a hundred paper-m?ch? veggies and grains ; Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry recreated with a hundred hand-carved wizards. Each elaborate diorama was a testament to parental dedication -- and parental craftsmanship from the look of most of them. Then there was my daughter's -- a plastic bag of shells.

Turns out the assignment was not to just collect a hundred things, but to tell a story with them, construct a display that would portray their deeper meaning. How humiliated my daughter must have been, I realized, kicking myself for not paying more attention. I sent an email to her teacher that very night, apologizing for my neglect. "No problem at all," she assured me, "part of the assignment was to explain to the class why they chose what they collected. Most of the children didn't really know, but your daughter told a wonderful story about how the shells told the story of the history of the world."

I realized then and there that I was raising a con artist who could put Olivia the pony-tailed pig to shame, and that my parental neglect was teaching her to be fast on her feet, a skill that would take her far. And so it was that I relaxed and figured if she passed Kindergarten, she'd do alright.

Years passed and I got better at paying attention to her projects, though most of them tended to require last-minute trips to the crafts supply store, hot glue guns and squabbles that inevitably ended with threats to put each other up for adoption. I couldn't wait for the project years to end, because all the other parents seemed to do it better, and I was never quite sure what it was the kids were learning aside from how to manage us.

Eventually, there were fewer and fewer three-dimensional homework assignments to assist with, and what few there were she did on her own, rarely even telling me what it was that she was up to. "What in the world are you doing with that nuclear waste?" I would inquire, to which she would nonchalantly reply, "I'm just doing my science homework, can you hand me the uranium hexaflouride?" I'd shrug my shoulders, do as I was told and go back to griping on the phone about how tough it is to be a parent.

Then she hit high school, and things really got rough. Now the homework requires asking me intellectual questions, expecting me to explain all sorts of complicated things, quiz her on her accumulating knowledge and evaluate her brilliance. "But I don't know logarithms!" I protest, "You still need to help me with your times tables."

"Mom, I learned times tables in third grade," she scolds, "please can't you test me on this?"

"Call your Dad," I counter, "he's the one who gave you those quantitative genes; it's not my doing."

"Fine. Then you can help me with my social studies," she suggests, confident that my Ph.D. in the social sciences will see me through ninth grade exams, "I just want to go over the fall of the Roman Empire."

The fall of the Roman Empire? All they taught me in graduate school was the fall of the U.S. Empire. That's outside my specialty.

"But I don't do empires!" I plead.

She looks at me like she's descended from apes. Recently.

"That's okay," she sighs, clearly ashamed to be related. "I have social studies down pretty well. Can you at least help me with physics?"

I feel like a criminal, caught in a lie. How can I get out of this one? "But you don't really learn effectively by being quizzed," I suggest in my best professorial tone, "pedagogically, it's a poor method for retaining information because -- " But she cuts me off.

"Admit it; you just don't want to help me with my homework!"

"Okay," I concede, "I thought homework was over when I got my Ph.D., and now you're making me go all the way through high school again. That's too hard!" I wail at the injustice, wishing only that she'd go to her room and study so I could turn on the TV and watch a rerun of Revenge. But she won't budge. She hands me her study sheet and tells me to quiz her.

"Start with the Bohr principle," she instructs, and I find it aptly named, because this homework is really a bore.

Two hours later, we're done, and I'm confident I could score a low C on the test, and she's confident that if I ever decide to put my head in the oven, I won't have sense enough to make sure it's not electric, given my inability to know the difference between a gas and an electron.

"I'm much worse off than I was before we began," she points out in a teenager's tone as she heads off to study without me. "I would have learned more by studying with the cat!"

"It's not my fault," I protest, "I don't know the answers!"

"The answers are right here!" she wails at me, shaking the study guide like it was some binding contract, "All you had to do was make sure you were comparing my answers with the answers I had written down - but you kept losing your place and telling me I was wrong when I was right because you were looking at answers to questions about neutrons when I was answering questions about density and matter! Anyone can tell the difference!"

I hang my head in shame. I look up sheepishly, "I'm sorry," I plead. "I'll make you cookies . . ." She perks up, gives me a big hug and suggests that's a good idea. She knows I can do math in the kitchen, figure out chemical conversion as long as it involves an oven, and master physics when it comes to calculating how long I should beat the batter before density kicks in. Just don't ask me about the fall of the Roman Empire, unless it's the name of a souffl? (in which case I can tell you all about it). As Socrates said, it's not information that gives us knowledge, but experience.

And as Socrates also said, true knowledge is knowing you know nothing. I really don't know much about Socrates, but I can tell you one thing. He must have been a parent.

?

Follow Janice Harper on Twitter: www.twitter.com/Janice_Harper

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/janice-harper/i-hate-homework-a-mothers_b_1239190.html

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Monday, January 30, 2012

Police find wreckage of suspected drug plane (AP)

SANTO DOMINGO, Dominican Republic ? Authorities in the Dominican Republic say human remains and drug paraphernalia have been found in the wreckage of a small plane found in a remote southwestern area.

Anti-drug agency spokesman Roberto Lebron says it's not clear if more than one person died in the crash. He says police on Monday also found charred bundles of plastic containers used to package cocaine.

Other parts of the crashed plane were found Saturday in Loma de la Jaiba, a rural community 155 miles (250 kilometers) west of the capital of Santo Domingo.

U.S. officials say about one-tenth of South American cocaine bound for the U.S. and Europe last year traveled through Hispaniola. That's the Caribbean island shared by the Dominican Republic and Haiti.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/latam/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120130/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/cb_dominican_drug_plane_crash

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Video: Ferris Bueller returning

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/46173845#46173845

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Sunday, January 29, 2012

Video: Could text messages clear Greg Kelly?



>>> more questions have been raised about a woman's rape claims against new york city news anchor greg kel where who also happens to be the son of the city's police commissioner. investigators continue do police interviews and so far there's state little everyday to support criminal charges against greg kelly . wnbc's chief investigative reporter jonathan dietz has the latest.

>> reporter: the police commissioner made his first public appearance since the rape allegations first surfaced against his son, local tv anchor man greg kelly . he declined to discuss any aspect of the investigation.

>> all those question s aren't going to happen.

>> reporter: the nypd stepped aside to avoid a conflict where they investigate the police commissioner's son. his office, no stranger to high-profile cases. they brought and dropped sex charged against dominic strauss-kahn just last year. new york city mayor michael bloomberg said the d.a. will follow it.

>> there's always going to be high-profile complicated cases. there's always going to be second-guessing. he's tough enough to focus on the job.

>> reporter: sources close to the investigation say there are questions. even some confusion about the woman's accounts, that after a night out drinking with kelly, they went back to a law office where she works and was then raped. she then waited three months before reporting the incident to police . kelly denies any wrong-doing saying what happened was consensual, and sources familiar with the case say the two exchanged friendly text messages after their night out in october.

>> apparently they've been described as leavi flirtatious messages. if there's no evidence and you have text messages on top of this, it's very unlikely they'll bring charges against greg kelly .

>> he's taken time off from work. his dad the police commissioner was asked how he was holding up with his son the subject of an investigation.

>> i respect that question but i'm not going to answer it.

>> reporter: for today, jonathan deetsz, dietz, nbc news new york.

>> joining us sunny hostin and p.r. representative. good morning to both of you. it's interesting because these text messages exist between greg kelly and his accuser. what are investigators are going to be looking for in those messages specifically?

>> i mean they're going to be looking for basically an cofegs because that's what they would need in a case like this. this is an alleged acquaintance rape . in a case like that it's he said/she said. you've got a late report , no rape kit , no corroborating evidence , no photos of injuries. so all you have is her word. you need more as a prosecutor. so they're looking for more. and my understanding is at this point they just don't have it.

>> and, sunny, speaking to the late report , three, four months from when the alleged rape took place to when she reports it. it's a big red flag.

>> it is. i tried sex rape. that was my specialty. there are reasons why women don't come forward. sometimes they're afraid. sometimes they've been threatened by their rapist. so you can try these cases but given all the circumstances of this particular case, it is just doesn't sound right.

>> and marvet, this is an interesting case for a couple of reasons. greg kelly is a well known television anchor here in new york city and he also happens to be the son of a very famous police commissioner here in new york. how could that affect the investigation? could it affect the investigation?

>> it will always affect the investigation because there are high-profile figures involved, so they definitely have to be sensitive and be very careful not to rush to judgment. so i would imagine that the sensitivity involved will definitely, you know, ensure that everyone is meticulously handling this case. but i would imagine that, you know, we just went through this with esk. they're going to be very careful to make sure all the facts line up before they rush to any sort of judgment.

>> sunny, let's talk about dominic strauss-kahn. the d.a.'s office was involved in the case. it was very embarrassing. they had to retract and take away some of those charging, a very milk cause because of the credit sh credibility of the alleged victims. will they act differently because of actions learned from that case?

>> you learn from every case as a prosecutor. let me say this. we're talking about the manhattan d.a. sex crimes division. they're probably the best prosecutors in type of case. in that case, they had special circumstances but i can't imagine that they aren't smarting a bit from it and that they haven't lender from that because when you drop charges in a case like that, it has a chilling effect . it's very difficult for women who have been raped to come forward. and so, you know, thing that case in particular did have a chilling effect because i've spoken to many of my prosecutor friends and less women are coming forward in part because of situations like that. so i think there's no question that they are investigating this with every sex crime , of course. every sexual allegation needs to be invest gated. people need to have the right to have this sort of thing invest gated.

>> absolutely. on the other hand, someone like greg kelly , if he is exonerated. if charges are never filed, do public figures ever really go back to the way things were? i mean how does it affect their image?

>> they can go back to the way things were, but unfortunately this always be part of his dna. he'll always be someone they question. it makes front page news when it's the news story, but when it goes away, if it goes away, no one will really think about it, read about it, or really care.

>> just remember he was accused.

Source: http://video.today.msnbc.msn.com/today/46173904/

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Dana White calls out Internet hackers, they respond by releasing his alleged personal info

CHICAGO -- The war is on between the UFC and Internet hackers.

On Sunday, UFC.com was re-routed several times to the website UGnazi. The site's organizers, who White called terrorists several times during the "UFC on Fox 2" press conference, said the hacking of UFC.com is a result of the company's support of SOPA and PIPA. The wide-ranging bills are aimed at stopping online piracy.

White lashed out at the hackers.

Update: White dug in deeper during a conversation with The Score's Mauro Ranallo (13:30 mark).

"Keep hacking our site, do it again. Do it tonight," said White. "These guys look like terrorists now and a bill that was about to die, is about to come back."

The hacker taking credit for the UFC hit, @joshthgod, went a different route after the challenge, posting White's personal info, including a Social Security number, a list of residential addresses, a vehicle identification number and a personal phone number.

That followed a tweet that said White is now the target.

"@danawhite We don't want your site anymore. We are going after YOU! Follow me for tonights exciting events! #ufc #sopa #acta #pipa,"

[Related: Why SOPA, PIPA aren't answer to MMA's piracy problem]

White said the hackers are only hurting their own cause by alerting politicians that there's a serious issue. He's willing to risk his own safety to stop the online pilfering.

"Is SOPA the perfect bill? No, it's not. The only thing that we're focused on is piracy. Piracy is stealing. If you walk into a store and you steal a gold watch, it's the same as stealing a pay-per-view. I don't care what your twisted, demented idea of stealing is," White said. "These kids who grew up on the Internet never had to pay for anything, so they don't think that you should have to."

White closed by saying he's not afraid of the Internet, it's where cowards live.

Other popular content on the Yahoo! network:
? ThePostGame: George Clooney's bewildering Olympic ticket dilemma
? Wetzel: Rob Lowe's tweet sparks feud between Peyton Manning and Colts owner
? Video: NFL's breakout stars set to shine in Pro Bowl
? Work + Money: Why one parent should stay at home

Source: http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/dana-white-calls-internet-hackers-respond-releasing-personal-142312772.html

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Saturday, January 28, 2012

IFC Films acquires "Killer" (Reuters)

LOS ANGELES (TheWrap.com) ? IFC Films has purchased the North American rights to the thriller "Simon Killer," TheWrap has confirmed.

Directed by Antonio Campos and starring Brady Corbet, the film centers on a recent college student who travels to France where he meets and becomes involved with a prostitute. Campos wrote the screenplay for the film. He is a co-founder of the filmmaker collective Borderline Films, which was behind last year's Sundance breakout "Martha Marcy May Marlene."

In a generally favorable review, the Guardian's Jeremy Kay wrote, "'Simon Killer' is a difficult, dark ride. It's well acted but a little flabby and internalized in places, punctuated by unsettling stroboscopic digital wipes and distinguished by a seductive, urgent score and soundtrack."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/movies/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120127/film_nm/us_simonkiller

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Romney, Gingrich exchange barbs on immigration (AP)

JACKSONVILLE, Fla. ? Newt Gingrich cast Mitt Romney as the most anti-immigrant candidate of the four contenders for the Republican presidential nomination in campaign debate Thursday night in Hispanic-heavy Florida. "That's simply inexcusable," the former Massachusetts governor shot back, heatedly denying the accusation.

Romney quickly added that Gingrich's campaign had stopped running a radio ad that made the "anti-immigrant charge" after Florida Sen. Marco Rubio called on him to do so. Romney said to Gingrich concerning the ad, "I think you should apologize for it."

The exchange came near the beginning of the second debate in four days in advance of next Tuesday's Florida primary. Opinion polls make the race a close one, with two other contenders, former Sen. Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania and Texas Rep. Ron Paul, trailing far behind.

But Santorum drew applause from the audience when he called on the two front-runners to stop attacking one another and "focus on the issues."

"Can we set aside that Newt was a member of Congress ... and that Mitt Romney is a wealthy guy?" he said in a tone of exasperation.

That seemed unlikely, given the stakes in the primary now five days distant.

Gingrich picked up on the theme quickly, calling on moderator Wolf Blitzer of CNN to let the four candidates discuss the issues.

The audience booed, as if in agreement with Gingrich, but Romney jumped in, saying, "Wouldn't it be nice if people didn't make accusations somewhere else that they weren't willing to defend here."

Moments earlier, Romney and Gingrich had exchanged jabs over investments in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, two mortgage giants that played a role in the national foreclosure crisis that has hit Florida particularly hard.

Gingrich said Romney was making money from investments in funds that were "foreclosing on Floridians."

Romney quickly noted that Gingrich, too, was invested in mutual funds with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. He then added that the former House speaker "was a spokesman" for the two. That was a reference to a contract that one of Gingrich's businesses had for consulting services. The firm was paid $300,000 in 2006.

There were some moments of levity, including when Paul, 76, was asked whether he would be willing to release his medical records.

He said he was, then challenged the other three men on the debate stage to a 25-mile bike race.

He got no takers.

Romney and Gingrich had clashed repeatedly in the first debate of the week, held Monday in Tampa.

Gingrich's unexpected victory in the South Carolina primary last weekend upended the race to pick a Republican opponent for Democratic President Barack Obama in the fall, and Romney can ill afford another setback.

In the days since his loss, he has tried to seize the initiative, playing the aggressor in the Tampa debate and assailing Gingrich in campaign speeches and a TV commercial.

An outside group formed to support Romney has spent more than his own campaign's millions on ads, some of them designed to stop Gingrich's campaign momentum before it is too late to deny him the nomination.

Gingrich's performance in a pair of South Carolina debates are generally believed to have helped him to his victory there, and Romney's aides have expressed concern that the debate audience might benefit the former House speaker.

The issue was clearly on Romney's mind as he campaigned at a factory several hours before the debate began.

"There may be some give and take. That's always entertaining," he said. "If you all could get in there we'd love to see you all there cheering."

A voice from the audience responded that there were no more tickets, and Romney replied: `No tickets? Just storm in."

Gingrich seemed far less confident as he campaigned his way into the debate.

He unleashed an attack reminiscent of his rhetoric a month ago when he was being outspent heavily on television and falling sharply in the polls just before the Iowa caucuses.

He accused Romney and Restore Our Future, the independent group, of dishonest ads, and said, "This is the desperate last stand of the old order. This is the kind of gall they have, to think we're so stupid and we're so timid."

He later told reporters he decided to sharpen his criticisms after Romney released his tax returns. "Here's a guy who owns Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae stock," Gingrich said. "He owns a Goldman Sachs subsidiary, which is foreclosing on Floridians. And on that front he decides to lie about my career? There's something about the hypocrisy that should make every American angry."

Romney released his income tax returns for 2010 and an estimate for 2011 after declining to do so in South Carolina.

Gingrich, also under pressure, disclosed the consulting contract one of his firms had with Freddie Mac, the government-backed mortgage giant that played a role in the foreclosure crisis that hit Florida especially hard. It showed payments of $300,000 in 2006 for unspecified consulting services.

Romney has pummeled Gingrich in the days since, calling him an influence peddler and a lobbyist who was taking money from the very organization that was harming Floridians.

___

Associated Press writers Brian Bakst and Kasie Hunt contributed to this story.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/gop/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120127/ap_on_el_ge/us_republicans_debate

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Friday, January 27, 2012

Royal Ballet star's resignation shocks dance world

(AP) ? The ballet world is spinning after one of the art's brightest stars walked away from Britain's Royal Ballet without explanation, days before he was due to take the lead in a new production.

Ukrainian dancer Sergei Polunin announced this week that he is quitting immediately. He had been due to open as Oberon in "The Dream" next week.

The 21-year-old studied dance in Kiev before attending the Royal Ballet School in London from the age of 13.

He has thrilled audiences since he became the company's youngest-ever male principal dancer at the age of 19. His poise, muscularity and gravity-defying leaps have brought comparisons with the young Rudolf Nureyev and Mikhail Baryshnikov.

Royal Ballet director Monica Mason said Polunin's resignation had "come as a huge shock."

"Sergei is a wonderful dancer and I have enjoyed watching him tremendously, both on stage and in the studio, over the past few years," she said in a statement. "I wish him every success in the future."

Ballet websites swirled with speculation about the motive for Polunin's sudden departure. Some suggested the dancer ? who co-owns a London tattoo parlor ? might have grown frustrated with the strict discipline of the ballet life.

In an interview last year, he referred to the pressure he felt to succeed.

"I would have liked to behave badly, to play football. I loved sport," he told The Guardian. "But all my family were working for me to succeed. My mother had moved to Kiev to be with me. There was no chance of me failing."

Others suggested Polunin might have been poached by a rival company, there was no word from the dancer.

His Twitter biography on Thursday read "principal dancer of ?"

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2012-01-26-EU-Britain-Dancer-Departs/id-b54648eaa1aa4b5db503b892c6ea3a61

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Immunological mechanisms of oncolytic adenoviral therapy

Immunological mechanisms of oncolytic adenoviral therapy [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Jan-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Wang Shengdian
sdwang@moon.ibp.ac.cn
0086-106-488-8493
Science in China Press

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in humans. The conventional cancer therapies include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeting therapies, which are intended to directly destroy and eliminate tumor cells. These treatments often fail, resulting in tumor metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, there is a critical need for novel cancer therapies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have revealed that immune responses play a critical role in conventional cancer therapies. Replication-selective oncolytic viruses are a rapidly expanding therapeutic platform for cancer. Professor Wang Shengdian and his group from the Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have studied tumor immunity for several years, with a team focusing on oncolytic adenovirus. In this work, entitled "CD8+ T cell response mediates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus in an immunocompetent mouse model", published in Chinese Science Bulletin 2012, Vol. 57(1), this team has demonstrated that the host anti-tumor immune responses, especially the CD8+ T cell responses, play a critical role in the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus. These studies might shed light on novel cancer therapies.

Researchers have identified several oncolytic viruses such as poliovirus, adenovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, reovirus, and vaccinia virus, which can selectively infect or replicate in cancer cells, but spare normal cells. Among these, adenovirus has been the most commonly used oncolytic virus in the last decade, because of its efficacy, safety, and ease of manipulation. When administered to tumors, oncolytic adenovirus infects and kills cancer cells as a result of the normal viral life cycle, by replicating in cells and releasing progeny viruses. However, adenoviral infection is immunogenic and can induce strong anti-viral immune responses, which accelerate the clearance of virus and limit the therapeutic effects on cancer. Some studies have shown that suppressing the immune system could enhance the efficacy of oncolytic vectors. On the other hand, recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that the immune response plays an important role in mediating the antitumor efficacy. Therefore, the influence of immune responses on oncolytic therapy is complex. Because of the species specificity of adenoviral replication, it was widely assumed that adenoviral replication would not occur in mouse tumors. Consequently, oncolytic adenoviral vectors have been commonly evaluated in immunodeficient mouse-human tumor xenograft models, which do not accurately reflect what happens in humans treated with oncolytic adenovirus. A team led by Professor Yaohe Wang from the Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, previously screened a panel of mouse tumor cell lines and identified two cell linesCMT 93 (a murine rectal cancer cell line) and CMT64 (a murine non-small-cell lung cancer cell line) with significant permissibility for adenoviral gene expression, cytopathic effects, and/or replication.

In this work, the team lead by Professor Wang Shengdian evaluated the roles of immune components in oncolytic adenoviral therapy with a murine tumor by subcutaneously inoculating CMT 93 cells into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. They found that CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells or natural killer cells, are critical mediators of the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus by deletion of the corresponding cell subsets with specific antibodies. Intratumoral injection of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) could induce intensive infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor, and increase tumor-specific interferon-? production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. The anti-tumor T cell responses induced by Ad5 therapy produced long-term tumor-specific memory immune responses that protected the cured mice well from tumor rechallenge. This anti-tumor immune memory is thought to play a major role in preventing tumor relapse. For larger tumors, Ad5 therapy alone controls tumor growth only transiently. However, Ad5 therapy followed by treatment with agonistic anti-4-1BB (cluster differentiation 137, CD137) antibody, a potent enhancer of the specific CD8+ T cell response, resulted in complete rejection of all transplanted tumors, demonstrating that promotion of T cell responses against tumors could enhance the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus.

In summary, this study provides insight into the antitumor mechanisms of oncolytic adenovirus, in addition to their direct oncolytic effect. Meanwhile, this study proposes a new and more effective therapeutic regime for cancer treatment using a combination therapy of oncolytic adenovirus and immunotherapy.

###

See the article: YANG Y J, LI X Z, WANG Y H, WANG S D. CD8+ T cell response mediates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus in an immunocompetent mouse model. Chinese Science Bulletin 2012 Vol. 57(1): 48-53.



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Immunological mechanisms of oncolytic adenoviral therapy [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Jan-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Wang Shengdian
sdwang@moon.ibp.ac.cn
0086-106-488-8493
Science in China Press

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in humans. The conventional cancer therapies include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeting therapies, which are intended to directly destroy and eliminate tumor cells. These treatments often fail, resulting in tumor metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, there is a critical need for novel cancer therapies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have revealed that immune responses play a critical role in conventional cancer therapies. Replication-selective oncolytic viruses are a rapidly expanding therapeutic platform for cancer. Professor Wang Shengdian and his group from the Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have studied tumor immunity for several years, with a team focusing on oncolytic adenovirus. In this work, entitled "CD8+ T cell response mediates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus in an immunocompetent mouse model", published in Chinese Science Bulletin 2012, Vol. 57(1), this team has demonstrated that the host anti-tumor immune responses, especially the CD8+ T cell responses, play a critical role in the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus. These studies might shed light on novel cancer therapies.

Researchers have identified several oncolytic viruses such as poliovirus, adenovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, reovirus, and vaccinia virus, which can selectively infect or replicate in cancer cells, but spare normal cells. Among these, adenovirus has been the most commonly used oncolytic virus in the last decade, because of its efficacy, safety, and ease of manipulation. When administered to tumors, oncolytic adenovirus infects and kills cancer cells as a result of the normal viral life cycle, by replicating in cells and releasing progeny viruses. However, adenoviral infection is immunogenic and can induce strong anti-viral immune responses, which accelerate the clearance of virus and limit the therapeutic effects on cancer. Some studies have shown that suppressing the immune system could enhance the efficacy of oncolytic vectors. On the other hand, recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that the immune response plays an important role in mediating the antitumor efficacy. Therefore, the influence of immune responses on oncolytic therapy is complex. Because of the species specificity of adenoviral replication, it was widely assumed that adenoviral replication would not occur in mouse tumors. Consequently, oncolytic adenoviral vectors have been commonly evaluated in immunodeficient mouse-human tumor xenograft models, which do not accurately reflect what happens in humans treated with oncolytic adenovirus. A team led by Professor Yaohe Wang from the Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, previously screened a panel of mouse tumor cell lines and identified two cell linesCMT 93 (a murine rectal cancer cell line) and CMT64 (a murine non-small-cell lung cancer cell line) with significant permissibility for adenoviral gene expression, cytopathic effects, and/or replication.

In this work, the team lead by Professor Wang Shengdian evaluated the roles of immune components in oncolytic adenoviral therapy with a murine tumor by subcutaneously inoculating CMT 93 cells into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. They found that CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells or natural killer cells, are critical mediators of the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus by deletion of the corresponding cell subsets with specific antibodies. Intratumoral injection of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) could induce intensive infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor, and increase tumor-specific interferon-? production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. The anti-tumor T cell responses induced by Ad5 therapy produced long-term tumor-specific memory immune responses that protected the cured mice well from tumor rechallenge. This anti-tumor immune memory is thought to play a major role in preventing tumor relapse. For larger tumors, Ad5 therapy alone controls tumor growth only transiently. However, Ad5 therapy followed by treatment with agonistic anti-4-1BB (cluster differentiation 137, CD137) antibody, a potent enhancer of the specific CD8+ T cell response, resulted in complete rejection of all transplanted tumors, demonstrating that promotion of T cell responses against tumors could enhance the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus.

In summary, this study provides insight into the antitumor mechanisms of oncolytic adenovirus, in addition to their direct oncolytic effect. Meanwhile, this study proposes a new and more effective therapeutic regime for cancer treatment using a combination therapy of oncolytic adenovirus and immunotherapy.

###

See the article: YANG Y J, LI X Z, WANG Y H, WANG S D. CD8+ T cell response mediates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus in an immunocompetent mouse model. Chinese Science Bulletin 2012 Vol. 57(1): 48-53.



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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/sicp-imo011712.php

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Thursday, January 26, 2012

Mr. Miyagi returns in Vita's Reality Fighters (Digital Trends)

The Karate Kid actor Pat Morita may have died in 2005, but his character in the hit movie franchise will make a return this March in Reality Fighters for the PlayStation Vita.

Over at the official PlayStation Blog, the announcement of Mr. Miyagi?s return was accompanied by a few screenshots of the character and some details about the role he?ll play in the game.

?We specifically chose Mr. Miyagi for several reasons. Firstly, we needed someone who was a true fighting master who could easily take on the best fighters from around the world, but was also wise, and capable of teaching the player,? explained Mitsuo Hirakawa of SCE XDev Studio. ?Plus we had to consider the tongue-in-cheek nature of the game; some of our fight styles include ballet and break dance, as well as some unusual weapons like a toilet plunger. We needed someone who was tough, but also had a softer, more humorous side.?

Daniel-san?s Karate Kid mentor will serve as both instructor and playable character in the game, and be voiced by accomplished Call of Duty and Metal Gear Solid voice actor Jim Ward. Players will not only be able to unlock Miyagi himself, but also his handyman uniform and family headband.

?Before we decided on Mr. Miyagi, we shortlisted various characters such as Jackie Chan, Bruce Lee, Chuck Norris, Jet Li and even Mike Myers,? added Hirakawa. ?It became clear that Mr. Miyagi ticked all the boxes for us in terms of a true master who has a humorous side. The Karate Kid movie being a worldwide hit and a film that we were all huge fans of also helped a little.?

Reality Fighters will hit shelves March 13 for the PS Vita.

This article was originally posted on Digital Trends

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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/tech/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/digitaltrends/20120126/tc_digitaltrends/mrmiyagireturnsinvitasrealityfighters

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Pride, Frustration and Determination as Egyptians Celebrate Their Revolution (Time.com)

Tens of thousands of Egyptians packed shoulder to shoulder into Cairo's Tahrir Square on Wednesday to mark the one-year anniversary of the uprising that ousted President Hosni Mubarak. Some, particularly Islamist supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party and the ultra-Islamist Salafis' Nour party, came out to celebrate their victories after a year of political discovery.

Between them, the Islamist parties won a combined 72% of available seats in the lower house of parliament in the country's first democratic election in more than a half century. "We are here to celebrate what we've achieved, and reiterate what we haven't achieved," said Mohamed Abdel Ghafar, a 40-year-old teacher sporting a Freedom and Justice Party hat. "We achieved the elections and the ousting of Mubarak, putting the symbols of corruption on trial, setting a date for the transition of authority, and lifting the emergency law," he added. Nearby, a speaker on the Brotherhood's stage trumpeted congratulations to Egypt's heroes -- that would be everyone who came out to help overthrow the president.

But thousands of those on Tahrir Square, Wednesday, also came out to protest. While many express satisfactin with the election result, frustration over economic woes, endemic corruption, and the slow pace of reform has deepened in the year since Mubarak's fall. The focus of much of that anger has been the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), the junta that took over from Mubarak last February and has shown little interest in ceding complete executive authority to a civilian government. (MORE: Egyptians Mark Their Revolution's Anniversary with Mixed Feelings)

Men, women, and families thronged beneath banners demanding an end to military rule and justice for those killed and injured by security forces during the uprising and protests since. Liberal youth activists even chanted for the execution of SCAF chief Field Marshall Hussein Tantawi, hoisting posters depicting faces of Mubarak officials, as well as Tantawi and leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood.

"We believe that SCAF lost its legitimacy in August and now it's ruling the country with force," said Mohamed al-Essawy, 24, who held a large stencil depicting the faces of Tantawi and the Brotherhood's speaker of parliament hovering over bodies of slain activists. "They're playing chess with the revolution," he explained. "Anything supervised by SCAF is illegitimate, ranging from the parliament to the constitution."

Liberals, youth activists, and political analysts have increasingly alleged that a conspiracy exists between the Brotherhood and the junta, pointing to the former's seeming compliance with military-drafted rules and declarations. However, the majority of Egyptians seem to disagree. (PHOTOS: Revolution in Egypt: 18 Days That Shook the World)

On January 24th, Tantawi announced the termination of the country's emergency law on national television, in a move aimed at currying favor with the protesters ahead of the one year anniversary of the uprising. For Brotherhood supporters, and many others in Tahrir on Wednesday, the concession seemed like an additional victory. But an exemption decreed by Tantawi, which allows the emergency law's provisions to be applied in cases of "thuggery", had human rights groups crying foul -- the imprecise term has been widely used by the military to prosecute activists over the past year. Human Rights Watch warned that the exception would "invite abuse."

Demonstrators poured into the downtown square throughout the day, many marching the same routes they had taken a year ago to start the historic rebellion. That day was fraught with tension and violence, as protesters broke through police lines and braved volleys of tear gas, astounded and emboldened by the power of their collective action. There were no police lines to cross to get to Tahrir for the anniversary event, and the crowd was far larger this time than it had been a year ago. But nostalgia ran high. Tahrir pulsed with the national pride that had characterized the 18-days that brought down Mubarak. And the crowd's diversity stirred the familiar debate and exchange of ideas that many Egyptians had reveled in a year ago, as men and women from across the country and its social classes first camped in the square, united by the common goal of ousting Mubarak. (PHOTOS: Police and Protesters Clash in Cairo)

"We were not divided back then," remembered Mohamed Farghaly, a university student. "On January 25th 2011, we were unified. We came down to call for the fall of the regime, and at the time, we thought that Mubarak was the regime," he said. "Then we found out that he wasn't." Farghaly admits that his realization hasn't been shared by everyone. "The majority is staying at home," he added, claiming they had been swayed by the "liars" on state TV. "That's the division, and it's one of the biggest challenges."

Indeed, how the numbers fall on either side of that division will impact Tahrir's dynamic in the days ahead. Already, many say they will camp in the square as long as it takes to force the military from power. Some have predicted a repeat of the violent clashes between protesters and security forces that characterized a series of demonstrations in November and December, particularly if large numbers remain in Tahrir and the military moves to clear it. "Some of the people think that we need to stay until SCAF leaves," said one Brotherhood supporter, Mohamed Said. "As Muslim Brotherhood, we don't believe that. We are here to deliver a message." That doesn't mean the revolution is over, he added, but Egyptians can make their voices heard in other ways.

With reporting by Sharaf al-Hourani / Cairo

MORE: How Democracy Can Work in the Middle East

VIDEO: Why They Protest: Egypt, Libya and Syria

View this article on Time.com

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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/world/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/time/20120125/wl_time/08599210538400

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Wednesday, January 25, 2012

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Tuesday, January 24, 2012

Romney defends investments, readies tax returns

Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney speaks to reporters after a discussion on housing and foreclosure, Monday, Jan. 23, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney speaks to reporters after a discussion on housing and foreclosure, Monday, Jan. 23, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

(AP) ? A day before Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney planned to release his income tax returns, his old investments in two controversial government-backed housing lenders stirred up new questions at the same time his campaign targeted rival Newt Gingrich for earning more than $1.6 million in consulting fees from one of the lenders.

Romney's latest financial disclosure report listed several investments, worth as much as $500,000, in U.S.-backed lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Romney, Gingrich and other GOP critics repeatedly have singled out the two quasi-government entities as prime villains in the housing crisis that played a central role in the nation's long and deep recession.

While continuing to hammer Gingrich for his consulting work for Freddie Mac, the Romney campaign sought to deflect questions about the former Massachusetts governor's investments. They include a mutual fund worth up to $500,000 that includes assets from both lenders among other government income, and separate investments in each of the lenders in Romney's individual retirement account, each worth between $100,000 and $250,000.

Romney campaign officials said Monday that a trustee handles the investments and that Romney had no role in choosing or managing them.

The dimensions and the sources of Romney's wealth, which he has estimated to be as much as $250 million, have become a central issue in the roiling GOP primary campaign. For months, Romney dismissed calls to release his personal income tax records. But after mounting criticism from his rivals and others, coupled with his stinging weekend loss to Gingrich in the South Carolina primary, Romney agreed to release his 2010 return and 2011 estimate. Both sets of records could provide new details about his investments and his annual take as founder of the Bain Capital private equity firm.

Romney's tax returns are likely to sketch out critical information about the tax strategies he employs. Tax experts said these likely include his use of a low 15 percent capital gains rate to reduce the taxes he pays on dozens of large investments that flow into his blind trust, charitable donation strategies that benefit philanthropies but also further reduce his tax burden and investments routed through offshore affiliates that could help him defer some tax payments.

Romney already has acknowledged that his current tax rate is about 15 percent, a level far lower than standard rates for high-income earners and similar to the capital gains rate. But some tax law and tax policy experts suggest that Romney likely has paid similarly low rates throughout his Bain years, continuing through the 13 years since he left the firm.

Joseph Bankman, a Stanford University business and law professor who has testified before Congress on the taxes paid by private equity firms like Bain, said Romney's background as a financier, coupled with his growing wealth and ability to use sophisticated tax tactics, makes it highly likely that he has paid taxes at the going capital gains rate for most of his career.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-01-23-Romney's%20Wealth/id-fa5339a06ee1487d9d18654d0e7ef803

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Arab League extends Syria mission 1 more month (AP)

BEIRUT ? A clash between Syrian forces and army defectors erupted Sunday in a suburb of the tightly held capital of Damascus, adding urgency just as the Arab League was extending an observers' mission that so far has failed to end long months of bloody violence.

The two events outlined how an uprising against President Bashar Assad that started with mass popular protests is moving now toward an armed conflict that could draw international intervention ? an outcome the Arab League is trying to avoid.

Arab League foreign ministers, meeting in Cairo, extended the much-criticized observers mission for another month, officials from the 22-member organization said.

The League decided to add more observers and provide them with additional resources, the officials said.

The officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorized to speak to reporters, said the U.N. would train the observers.

The observer mission is supposed to be the first step toward implementing an Arab League plan to end the Syria crisis. Other points are pulling heavy Syrian weapons out of cities, stopping attacks on protesters, opening talks with the opposition and allowing foreign human rights workers and journalists in.

"There is partial progress in the implementation of the promises," Arab League chief Nabil Elaraby said in Cairo about Syria's implementation of the plan. Syria "did not carry out all its promises, although there are some implementation of pledges."

He added that the use of "extreme force" by Syrian forces have led to a reaction by the opposition "in what could lead to civil war."

Saudi Foreign Minister Saud al-Faisal told reporters that his country will pull out its observers because "the Syrian government did not implement the Arab plan." He urged Muslim countries, China, Russia, Europe and the U.S. to put pressure on Assad's government to stop the violence.

Saudi Arabia has been one of the harshest Arab critics of the crackdown, It recalled its ambassador from Damascus last year in protest.

So far the observer mission has not gone well. Though some credit it with tamping down violence in some places, the Local Coordination Committees activist group said Sunday that 976 people, including 54 children and 28 women, have been killed since the observers began their mission last month.

The U.N. estimates some 5,400 have been killed since it began in March.

The New York-based Human Rights Watch called on the Arab League to "maximize" the effectiveness of the mission of the observers in Syria "to stop the killings."

"The deployment of the observers, has been disappointing ... Assad played games with observers," by moving around forces instead of removing them from cities, while the killing continues, Kenneth Roth, the executive director of Human Rights Watch, said in a statement.

The Arab League faced three options Sunday: ending the mission and giving up its initiative, extending it, or turning the crisis over to the U.N. Security Council, as some opposition groups have urged. There, however, it would face a possible stalemate because of disagreements among permanent members over how far to go in forcing Assad's hand.

The mission's one-month mandate technically expired on Thursday.

The pullout of Assad's security forces from the Damascus suburb of Douma marked the second time in a week that troops have redeployed from an area near the tightly-controlled Syrian capital, an indication that Assad might be losing some control.

Diplomacy has taken on urgency as opponents of Assad's regime and soldiers who switched sides increasingly take up arms and fight back against government forces.

The British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights' head Rami Abdul-Rahman said government troops had pulled back early Sunday to a provincial headquarters and a security agency building in the Damascus suburb of Douma after hours of clashes, although they still controlled the entrances. The clashes broke out after Syrian troops opened fire at a funeral on Saturday.

On Sunday afternoon, the battles resumed between the defectors and troops loyal to Assad, according to the Observatory and the Local Coordination Committees, another activist group. The LCC said that heavy machine gun fire was used in the clashes, and five people were killed.

Abdul-Rahman had no information on casualties from the clashes but said security forces at an entrance checkpoint shot dead one man who was passing by on Sunday. He added that one person was shot dead in a nearby town of Rankous as well as another person in the northwestern province of Idlib.

The LCC said 12 people were killed in Syria Sunday. The LCC and the Observatory reported intense gunfire in the central city of Homs that left at least one person dead.

State-run news agency SANA said gunmen opened fire at the car of an army brigadier general, killing him and another army officers who was in the vehicle.

Syria-based activist Mustafa Osso confirmed that security forces had abandoned Douma.

A video posted by activists on social media showed five masked gunmen, one of them in uniform, who read a statement saying, "the city of Douma has been liberated from Assad's gangs." He warned Syrian troops not to try enter Douma or defectors would "fire rockets at the presidential palace" in Damascus and execute five prisoners they are holding.

The Associated Press could not verify the authenticity of the video.

Also Sunday, state-run SANA, said an estimated 5,255 Syrian prisoners have been released over the past week under an amnesty, raising the total freed since November to more than 9,000. Opposition groups say thousands are still being held.

The U.S. has imposed sanctions on Syria as the bloodshed escalates. The U.S. has long called for Assad to step down, and officials say his regime's demise is inevitable.

Two U.S. Senators plan to introduce a bill to stiffen the sanctions.

The bill, sponsored by Democratic Senators Charles Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand of New York would require President Barack Obama to identify violators of human rights in Syria, call for reform and offer protection to pro-democracy demonstrators. It would also block financial aid and property transactions in the United States involving Syrian leaders involved in the crackdown.

___

Al-Shalchi reported from Cairo.

Bassem Mroue can be reached on http://twitter.com/bmroue

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/topstories/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120122/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_syria

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Researchers meet to refine carbon budget for US East Coast

Researchers meet to refine carbon budget for US East Coast [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 23-Jan-2012
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Contact: David Malmquist
davem@vims.edu
804-684-7011
Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Virginia Institute of Marine Science hosts workshop

A group of 35 researchers from institutions all along the eastern seaboard gathered at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science last week to further integrate and refine field measurements and computer models of carbon cycling in the waters along the U.S. East Coast.

An understanding of the behavior and fate of carbon within the ocean, including its productive coastal area, is needed to most accurately predict the rate and magnitude of global warming and to effectively plan for climate-change impacts such as sea-level rise and increasing ocean acidity.

The "U.S. East Coast Carbon Cycle Synthesis Workshop," coordinated by the North American Carbon Program and the national Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry program, was organized and led by VIMS professor Marjy Friedrichs, Dr. Raymond Najjar of the Pennsylvania State University, and Dr. Wei-Jun Cai of the University of Georgia. The workshop was sponsored by NASA.

The workshop's goal, says Friedrichs, was to "further quantify the carbon budget along the U.S. East Coast by synthesizing observations and modeling results from the many different groups that are working on the issue." Researchers from nearly 20 different institutions from Maine to Florida took part in the two-day meeting.

Participants will use the knowledge gained during the workshop to guide and coordinate future research and modeling efforts, with the ultimate goal of creating a single integrated carbon budget for the East Coast that best represents the flow of carbon within and between the many different components of the coastal zoneincluding estuaries such as Chesapeake Bay, rivers, tidal wetlands, coastal waters, seafloor sediments, the atmosphere, and living organisms. The study is part of a larger effort to understand the carbon balance of North America and adjacent oceans, which play a key role in the global carbon cycle.

Interest in the carbon budget of the coastal ocean stems from the recognition that it likely plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle, but remains poorly studied relative to other ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

"Although it covers a relatively small area," says Friedrichs, "the coastal ocean is a highly productive ecosystem with much greater carbon fluxes than the open ocean. It's also directly influenced by human activities such as nutrient pollution, fishing, dredging, shoreline armoring, levee construction, and dam building."

The workshop was successful because a diverse group of scientists came together to share specialized knowledge about the different parts of the East Coast's carbon cycle. "What we found at the workshop," Najjar says, "is that there are many scientists with a lot of data and knowledge about individual parts of the carbon cycle of the U.S. East Coast. However, until now, that knowledge had not been well integrated to form a big picture of how carbon flows in the region."

General scientific interest in the carbon cycle stems from concerns about increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. In 2010, humans released 33.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and other activities, while atmospheric levels of the gas rose to 391 parts per million, an increase of nearly 25% over the last 50 years. About a quarter of the carbon released to the atmosphere currently ends up in the ocean.

###



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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Researchers meet to refine carbon budget for US East Coast [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 23-Jan-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: David Malmquist
davem@vims.edu
804-684-7011
Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Virginia Institute of Marine Science hosts workshop

A group of 35 researchers from institutions all along the eastern seaboard gathered at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science last week to further integrate and refine field measurements and computer models of carbon cycling in the waters along the U.S. East Coast.

An understanding of the behavior and fate of carbon within the ocean, including its productive coastal area, is needed to most accurately predict the rate and magnitude of global warming and to effectively plan for climate-change impacts such as sea-level rise and increasing ocean acidity.

The "U.S. East Coast Carbon Cycle Synthesis Workshop," coordinated by the North American Carbon Program and the national Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry program, was organized and led by VIMS professor Marjy Friedrichs, Dr. Raymond Najjar of the Pennsylvania State University, and Dr. Wei-Jun Cai of the University of Georgia. The workshop was sponsored by NASA.

The workshop's goal, says Friedrichs, was to "further quantify the carbon budget along the U.S. East Coast by synthesizing observations and modeling results from the many different groups that are working on the issue." Researchers from nearly 20 different institutions from Maine to Florida took part in the two-day meeting.

Participants will use the knowledge gained during the workshop to guide and coordinate future research and modeling efforts, with the ultimate goal of creating a single integrated carbon budget for the East Coast that best represents the flow of carbon within and between the many different components of the coastal zoneincluding estuaries such as Chesapeake Bay, rivers, tidal wetlands, coastal waters, seafloor sediments, the atmosphere, and living organisms. The study is part of a larger effort to understand the carbon balance of North America and adjacent oceans, which play a key role in the global carbon cycle.

Interest in the carbon budget of the coastal ocean stems from the recognition that it likely plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle, but remains poorly studied relative to other ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

"Although it covers a relatively small area," says Friedrichs, "the coastal ocean is a highly productive ecosystem with much greater carbon fluxes than the open ocean. It's also directly influenced by human activities such as nutrient pollution, fishing, dredging, shoreline armoring, levee construction, and dam building."

The workshop was successful because a diverse group of scientists came together to share specialized knowledge about the different parts of the East Coast's carbon cycle. "What we found at the workshop," Najjar says, "is that there are many scientists with a lot of data and knowledge about individual parts of the carbon cycle of the U.S. East Coast. However, until now, that knowledge had not been well integrated to form a big picture of how carbon flows in the region."

General scientific interest in the carbon cycle stems from concerns about increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. In 2010, humans released 33.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and other activities, while atmospheric levels of the gas rose to 391 parts per million, an increase of nearly 25% over the last 50 years. About a quarter of the carbon released to the atmosphere currently ends up in the ocean.

###



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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/viom-rmt012312.php

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Penn St coach O'Brien: Following Paterno an honor (AP)

FOXBOROUGH, Mass. ? One of Bill O'Brien's first acts as the new Penn State football coach was to mourn the loss of the old one.

O'Brien said former Nittany Lions coach Joe Paterno, who died Sunday, was "an icon in the coaching profession." But he was also more than just a coach, O'Brien said in offering condolences to the Paterno family, current and former Penn State players and the rest of the university community.

"Today they lost a great man, coach, mentor and, in many cases, a father figure, and we extend our deepest sympathies," O'Brien, the New England Patriots offensive coordinator, said in a statement before the AFC championship game against the Baltimore Ravens.

"The Penn State football program is one of college football's iconic programs because it was led by an icon in the coaching profession in Joe Paterno. There are no words to express my respect for him as a man and as a coach."

Paterno died at the age of 85 from complications of lung cancer, two months after he was fired in the wake of sexual abuse allegations against one of his assistant coaches. O'Brien was hired to replace him, but he is finishing out the year with the Patriots as they reached the AFC title game for the second time in his five years with the team.

In his 46 years at Penn State, Paterno won two national championships and 409 games in all ? the most in the history of major college football.

"To be following in his footsteps at Penn State is an honor," O'Brien said "Our families, our football program, our university and all of college football have suffered a great loss, and we will be eternally grateful for coach Paterno's immeasurable contributions."

The Patriots said O'Brien did not address Paterno's death with the team on Sunday, when New England won 23-20 to advance to the Super Bowl. That means Penn State will have to wait another two weeks before O'Brien takes over the job full-time.

"I think Penn State has hired a great young man to be their head coach, someone I'm very fond of," Patriots owner Robert Kraft said in the locker room after the game. "Hopefully if we collect enough draft picks we'll be able to pick his best players."

Receiver Matthew Slater was among the players in Sunday's game offering their condolences to Paterno's family. Several of them did not know Paterno had died.

"The man was a legend and always will be," Slater said. "It's tough to fill the shoes of a legend, but I think that they picked a great coach who's a leader, who's (going to) try to build men with those kids there at Penn State. He's going to do everything he can to help that program on and off the football field, and I think he was a great hire."

But, for now, O'Brien is focused on winning the Super Bowl.

"Billy, right now, the job he's doing under the pressure that he has on his own has been phenomenal," offensive lineman Brian Waters said. "He definitely hasn't slipped one bit; it's been no distraction. You wouldn't even know that he was going to be going to a big-time job somewhere else. He's done a great job, and I expect he's going to be at an even higher level in the next two weeks."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/sports/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120123/ap_on_sp_co_ne/fbc_obit_joe_paterno_o_brien

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