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Thursday, May 31, 2012

Obama honors Medal of Freedom recipients as heroes

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Wednesday, May 30, 2012

Djokovic, Azarenka reach 3rd round at French Open

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Marla Sokoloff?s Blog: Why Make Parenting a Competition?

Aren't we all "mom enough?" Isn't being a good parent "enough?" Sokoloff blogs in response to TIME's recent breastfeeding cover.

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Tuesday, May 29, 2012

Copper-nickel nanowires could be perfect fit for printable electronics

ScienceDaily (May 29, 2012) ? While the Statue of Liberty and old pennies may continue to turn green, printed electronics and media screens made of copper nanowires will always keep their original color.

Duke University chemists created a new set of flexible, electrically conductive nanowires from thin strands of copper atoms mixed with nickel. The copper-nickel nanowires, in the form of a film, conduct electricity even under conditions that break down the transfer of electrons in plain silver and copper nanowires, a new study shows.

Because films made with copper-nickel nanowires are stable and are relatively inexpensive to create, they are an attractive option to use in printed electronics, products like electronic paper, smart packaging and interactive clothing, said Benjamin Wiley, an assistant professor of chemistry at Duke. His team describes the new nanowires in a NanoLetters paper published online May 29.

The new copper-nickel nanowires are the latest nanomaterial Wiley's lab has developed as a possible low-cost alternative to indium tin oxide, or ITO. This material is coated on glass to form the transparent conductive layer in the display screens of cell phones, e-readers and iPads.

Indium, at $600 -- $800 per kilogram, is an expensive rare-earth element. Most of it is mined and exported from China, which is reducing exports, causing indium's price to increase. Indium tin oxide is deposited as a vapor in a relatively slow, expensive coating process, adding to its cost. And the film is brittle, which is a major reason the signature pads at grocery store checkout lines eventually fail and why there is not yet a flexible, rollable iPad.

Last year, Wiley's lab created copper nanowire films that can be deposited from a liquid in a fast, inexpensive coating process. These conductive films are much more flexible than the current ITO film. Copper is also one-thousand times more abundant and one-hundred times cheaper than indium. One problem with copper nanowire films, however, is that they have an orange tint that would not be desirable in a display screen. The copper-based films also oxidize gradually when exposed to air, suffering from the same chemical reaction that turns the Statue of Liberty or an old penny green, Wiley said.

Nickels, however, rarely turn green. Inspired by the U.S. five-cent piece, Wiley wondered if he could prevent oxidation of the copper nanowires by adding nickel. He and his graduate student, Aaron Rathmell, developed a method of mixing nickel into the copper nanowires by heating them in a nickel salt solution.

"Within a few minutes, the nanowires become much more grey in color," Wiley said.

Rathmell and Wiley then baked the new nanowires at various temperatures to test how long they conducted electricity and resisted oxidation. The tests show that the copper-nickel nanowire films would have to sit in air at room temperature for 400 years before losing 50 percent of their electrical conductivity. Silver nanowires would lose half of their conductivity in 36 months under the same conditions. Plain copper nanowires would last only 3 months.

While the copper-nickel nanowires stack up against silver and copper alone, they aren't going to replace indium-tin-oxide in flat-panel displays any time soon, Wiley said, explaining that, for films with similar transparency, copper-nickel nanowire films cannot yet conduct the same amount of electricity as ITO. "Instead, we're currently focusing on applications where ITO can't go, like printed electronics," he said.

The greater stability of copper-nickel nanowires makes them a better alternative to both copper and silver for applications that require a stable level of electrical conductivity for more than a few years, which is important for certain printed electronics applications, Wiley said.

He explained that printed electronics combine conductive or electronically active inks with the printing processes that make magazines, consumer packaging and clothing designs. The low cost and high speed of these printing processes make them attractive for the production of solar cells, LEDs, plastic packaging and clothing.

A Durham, NC startup company, NanoForge Corp., which Wiley co-founded has begun manufacturing copper-nickel nanowires to test in these and other potential applications.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Duke University.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Aaron R Rathmell, Minh Nguyen, Miaofang Chi, Benjamin John Wiley. Synthesis of Oxidation-Resistant Cupronickel Nanowires for Transparent Conducting Nanowire Networks. Nano Letters, 2012; : 120529110102003 DOI: 10.1021/nl301168r

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Horse grass sickness disease. | A blog for Pets

The first cases of grass sickness were recorded in eastern Scotland in 1907.
Grass sickness is a polyneuropathy affecting the central, peripheral and enteric nervous systems.
The majority of visible clinical signs are related to paralysis within the digestive tract although nerve damage occurs throughout the body.

There are three forms of grass sickness:

acute grass sickness (AGS) - horses display signs of colic and require euthanasia or die within 48 hours
subacute grass sickness (SAGS) - horses display clinical signs similar to AGS but with less severity and may survive up to 7 days
chronic grass sickness (CGS) - horses present with severe and rapid weight loss and a selected portion of these cases may survive.

Clinical signs common to all subsets include: depression, anorexia, colic (moderate with AGS/SAGS and mild with CGS), excess salivation, constipation, nasogastric fluid secretion, patchy sweating, muscle tremors and eyelid drooping.

Equine Grass Sickness (alternatively termed 'equine dysautonomia') is a rare but predominantly fatal illness in horses. Grass sickness may affect all types of horse, pony and donkey, and has affected some well known horses including the thoroughbred stallions Dubai Millennium and Mister Baileys.
More horses
Diagnosis of grass sickness in the live animal requires a thorough clinical examination including a rectal examination. Definitive diagnosis can only be made at surgery (where biopsies of the gut are taken) or at post-mortem (where biopsies from the nerves are taken).

Differential diagnoses for grass sickness are varied and include: any other cause of colic and weight loss, tying-up, laminitis, botulism, choke and dental problems.

There is no treatment for grass sickness. A proportion of CGS cases can survive following periods of intensive nursing. Overall the mortality rate of equine grass sickness is considered to be over 95%.
he cause remains unknown, however present research suggests that toxin production from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum type C is involved.

Clostridium botulinum is a soil-borne bacterium, which may be better known for producing clinical signs of botulism. Research has suggested that Clostridium botulinum may cause grass sickness when the spores of C. botulinum type C are ingested and produce their toxin locally within the intestine.

The main risk factor for grass sickness, as the name may suggest, is grass. The disease is almost always seen in grazing animals, although there are isolated reports of the condition occurring in stabled horses.

?Grass sickness is most frequently seen in young horses aged between two and seven, and is particularly prevalent during April, May and June, and later in the autumn, after a spurt of grass growth.

Research has identified a number of other risk factors which may increase the likelihood of a horse developing grass sickness including: soil disturbance, worming with Ivermectin based dewormers, movement to new pasture, stress, grazing on a field which has previously produced a case of grass sickness.
Are you a cat person?
Current research in equine grass sickness includes development of a nationwide surveillance scheme for grass sickness in Great Britain. This scheme hopes to identify all cases of grass sickness which occur from 2000 onwards.

This scheme is run by the Animal Health Trust, in collaboration with the Equine Grass Sickness Fund, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Liverpool, following funding from The Horse Trust.

More information on this scheme can be found at the dedicated website [www.equinegrasssickness.co.uk]
The Equine Grass Sickness Fund [www.grasssickness.org.uk] are a dedicated charity raising funds to tackle the disease.

Their website contains useful information regarding all aspects of grass sickness including management of chronic grass sickness cases.
source :? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass_sickness

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Chinese Anti-gaming Expert Turns Out To Be (Surprise!) A Hypocrite ...

A famous Chinese anti-gaming expert has his foot in his mouth after appearing at a ?game tasting? event in Shenzhen last week.

Tao Hongkai, a professor studying addiction at Central China Normal University, has been around in China for ages giving seminars and talks about the evils of online gaming. But last week, it seems he has changed his tune. At a ?game tasting? expo in Shenzhen on May 21, Tao posted five sequential micro-blog posts onto his Sina Weibo account. The posts in question were all about a game that he had demoed at the expo; however, unlike his normal anti gaming rants, he actually praised the games.

?I am very glad the game Shining Blade 2 can guide young people to experience war combat and teach them to fight the enemy with courage, this is the right direction of online game development edutainment health games, ? Tao wrote on his micro-blog.

After his posts went online, Tao?s weibo account was immediately bombarded with messages from gamers. Many of the messages were in the vein of ?Shut up you hypocrite,? or as user Ashibaba wrote ?You?re such a disgrace.?

Chinese netizens were shocked and outraged by Tao?s sudden change of heart. In the past, Tao berated online games as trivial and damaging to the health. Television network CCTV even did a special report on the man, calling the saviour of Chinese gaming addiction (here is the not so damning English version).

The first reaction that many observers have pointed out was that Tao prostituted his morals, but the academic fervently denies that. Another idea is that Tao was promoting the game and the company because the game in question, Shining Sword 2, happens to be a ?red game?. Red Games are usually domestically made Chinese games that are super patriotic; normally, these games are situated during Chinese civil war and the characters are members of the PLA (Peoples Liberation Army). In red games, the PLA never loses and never loses blood.

Tao has come to out to say that he hasn?t changed his overall outlook on online gaming and that he doesn?t officially endorse Shining Sword 2, but that the game is great, and his detractors should definitely try the game out. He also revealed that he was not paid to attend the expo or to endorse the game but was instead given what is commonly known in Chinese journalism as road fare (road fare in China is the habit of event organisers and companies giving journalists envelopes stuff with cash to attend their event, normally an envelope has about 200 to 600 RMB or $US31 to 94 USD ).

Whatever the case may be, Tao Hongkai has lost his credibility in both the anti-gaming addiction world and the pro gaming world and no amount of online posturing and reasoning can fix that.

?????????????????? [Southern Metropolis Daily]

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Monday, May 28, 2012

Johnson overcomes Dufner to win at Colonial

FORT WORTH, Texas (AP) ? Zach Johnson won the Colonial for his first victory since also winning at Hogan's Alley two years ago, pulling ahead Sunday when Jason Dufner finally faltered.

Johnson was assessed a two-stroke penalty for failing to replace his ball to its original position after marking it on the 18th hole. That left him with a 2-over 72 and a one-stroke victory.

"I'm going to focus on the positives, because I hit a really solid putt and it's a good thing I made it," Johnson said. "No harm, no foul. It was my fault."

Johnson moved his original ball mark out of the line of Dufner's putt on the 18th green. But he forgot to move it back before his final 5-foot putt.

Even with the penalty assessed before signing his scorecard, Johnson's 12-under 268 total was enough to edge Dufner, who closed with a 74.

Tommy Gainey was a distant third at 7 under after a 67, a stroke better than Jim Furyk.

In what was essentially a match-play final round for the winner's plaid jacket, Johnson took command at the 414-yard 15th hole. Dufner's approach hit the left side of that green then rolled into a ditch, leading to a triple bogey that put him four strokes back after Johnson's par.

It was the eighth PGA Tour victory for Johnson, who won $1,152,000. The 2007 Masters champion's record streak of 15 consecutive under-par rounds at Colonial ended.

Dufner's only two PGA Tour victories came in the last four weeks, a stretch when he also got married.

After winning last week at the Byron Nelson Championship, he was trying to match Ben Hogan, his hero, as the only players to win both PGA Tour events in the Dallas-Fort Worth area in the same year. Hogan did it in 1946, when the tournaments weren't played in consecutive weeks.

"Pretty good run, today obviously a little disappointing to play that poorly and not kind of a chance there at the end," said Dufner, insisting fatigue didn't come into play. "I feel pretty good actually. ... I just played really poorly today."

There had already been four two-stroke swings between Dufner and Johnson before that fateful 15th hole.

Dufner drove into a fairway bunker before the shot that trickled over a ledge into the water. He then pitched his drop all the way over the green and missed a 4-foot putt for double bogey.

Johnson made par at the same hole where a day earlier his approach settled into a grassy clump only inches from going into that ditch. With his feet together to keep from falling over himself, Johnson's pitch from about 81 feet rolled only inches from the cup to set up a tap-in par-saver.

A hole earlier, Johnson had regained the lead with a 9-foot birdie putt at the 445-yard 14th after having blown a two-stroke lead.

At the 616-yard 11th, a straight par 5, Johnson's drive to the left hit a tree and ricocheted back into the middle of the fairway. He took advantage with an 18 1/2-foot birdie putt to get to 15 under.

Dufner wasn't as fortunate with his wayward drive, which settled under a tree. He had to punch a low shot around the branches before hitting his approach into a greenside bunker and two-putting from 23 feet for bogey.

But Dufner needed only one hole to get even again, with an 8-foot birdie at No. 12. Johnson hit his tee shot into a fairway bunker, then his first attempt out of there hit the lip and rebounded over and behind him. He settled for a bogey after a 90-foot shot out of the fringe settled about a foot past the hole.

Dufner and Johnson were tied at 14 under going to the back nine after Dufner's double bogey at the 386-yard par 4 ninth hole, where his approach from 103 yards hit just short of the green and rolled back into the water.

In a rare and still slight show of frustration, Dufner slapped his hands together when the ball came up short before his first double bogey in 147 holes.

It looked as if Johnson was the one in trouble at the ninth, when his drive settled in the rough. He had an awkward stance, with one foot in the bunker the ball just missed, when he hit his approach to 15 feet. And he almost made birdie, but the putt lipped the cup and rolled away.

After both started with disappointing pars at the easiest hole on the course, the opening par 5, there was a two-stroke swing at the 382-yard second hole that cost Dufner his lead.

Dufner drove into a fairway bunker on the left side, then three-putted from 28 feet for his first bogey on any of the first eight holes all week. Johnson made a 28-foot birdie putt to go in front by a stroke.

At No. 5, Dufner made an 8-footer for his third birdie of the week at the tight par 4 parallel to the Trinity River that is one of Colonial's toughest holes. Even after a frustrating tee shot into the rough at the sixth hole, Dufner regained the lead by rolling in a 34-foot birdie putt.

Johnson trailed by two strokes when his tee shot at the 188-yard eighth was way left before his short pitch shot missed the green and he bogeyed.

Divots: Hunter Mahan, No. 2 in the FedEx Cup standings behind Dufner, had three consecutive bogeys on the back nine and his only birdie in his round of 74 came on the last hole. He finished with a 282 total. ... Rickie Fowler, who in his previous two starts got his first PGA Tour win along with a runner-up finish at The Players Championship, shot a 69 and was in a group of five players tied for fifth at 275.

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